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Official name:- Arabic: برات,
romanized:- the bright night
Observed by:- Muslims
Type:- Islamic
Observances:- Respecting the death souls Forgiveness
Date:- Night between 14 & 15 of Sha'ban, which is known as Mid-Sha'ban
Barat or Brat is regarded as a night when an individual's fortune decides for the coming year and when Allah may forgive sinners.
In many regions, this is also a night when prayers are offered to Allah to forgive one's deceased ancestors.
Description
Since the celebrations of Barat festival and Shia Jashn e Mid-Sha'ban are usually held at the same time and on the same day, because, so there should be distinction and separation of the commemorations. Because Brat is very old, it is celebrated with various rituals and styles in each region. Jashn e Mid-Sha'ban (Laylat al-Nisf Sha’ban in Arabic, but Barat is called Shab-e-Barat (شب برات) in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Afghanistan, and Nepal. In Iran, it is called the Cheragh Brat or the light or bright, Berat Kandili in Turkish; and Lejletul Berat in Bosnian. These names are translated as 'the night of records', 'the night of assignment' and 'the night of deliverance' respectively. The observance involves a festive nightlong vigil with prayers. In most of the regions, this is a night when one's deceased ancestors are commemorated.
Shab-e-Barat is also regarded as the Night of forgiveness or Day of Atonement. Muslims observe Mid-Sha'ban as a night of worship and salvation. Scholars including Imam Shafii, Imam Nawawi, Imam Ghazzali and Imam Suyuti have declared praying acceptable on the night of mid shaban.[citation needed]
In his Majmu', Imam Nawawi quoted Imam al-Shafi`i's Kitab al-Umm that there are five nights when dua (prayer) is answered, one of them being the night of the 15th of Sha`ban.
The festival of Shab-e-Barat is celebrated with pomp and enthusiasm by Muslims, mainly in South Asia. Muslims believe that on the night of Shab-e-Barat, God writes the destinies of all men and women for the coming year by taking into account the deeds they committed in the past. It is of high value to Sunni Muslims, regarded as one of the holiest nights on the Islamic Calendar.
The 15th of Sha'ban goes by several names, depending on the country in which it is observed. Most can be categorised into two general meanings:
Mid-Sha'ban or Half of Sha'ban. Named after the day's chronological position in the eighth month of the Islamic calendar:
Nim Sha'ban (Persian: نيم شعبان)
Bara'at Night. Bara'at is an Arabic noun which is roughly translated to English as either innocence, records, assignment, deliverance or salvation.
Berat Kandili (Turkish: Berâet Kandili) Kandil or candle is a Persian word usually used as a synonym to the light (Cheragh) Arabized as ceraj.
Shab e Barat (Persian/Urdu: شبِ برات, Hindi: शब-ए-बरात)
Shab e Barat (Bengali: শবে বরাত)
To pray for the dead and ask God for the forgiveness of the dead is a common ceremony in all cities that hold Barat ceremonies. According to a hadith tradition, Prophet Muhammad went in this night to the graveyard of Baqi', where he prayed for the Muslims buried there. On this basis, some clerics deem it advisable on this night to go to the graveyard of the Muslims to recite part of the Qur'an and pray for the dead.
According to some Sunni Islam traditions, this night is called Shab-e-Bara'at ("the night of freedom") because Allah frees His sinful servants who were destined for Hell. A person's life in the coming year, his sustenance, and whether he will have the opportunity to perform Hajj (pilgrimage) shall be decided on this night. The names of the souls of all who are born and of all who are to depart from this world are determined. One's actions are raised and sustenance is sent down.
According to sources, it is said that the Doors of Mercy and Forgiveness are opened wide on this night, but there are special prohibitions on this night. For example, a person who creates disunity among two Muslims, as well as a person who unjustly takes away the right and property of another Muslim and has not yet rectified himself. Such persons are not shown Mercy on this auspicious night.
Hadiths:-
Doubtlessly, Allah surrounds everything on the 15th night of Shaban with His mercy. He forgives all of His creatures except mushriks (polytheists) and those whose hearts are full of hatred or enmity of others. Allah, the Exalted, forgives all Muslims on that night except soothsayers, magicians, people who are full of hatred, alcoholics, people who harm their parents and those who insist on committing fornication. Al-Targhib wa al-Tarhib, 2:118.
‘Aisha is reported to have said that Muhammad said, "This is the middle night of Sha’ban. Allah frees in it a large number of the people from Hellfire, more than the number of hairs growing on the sheep of the tribe, Kalb. But He does not even look at a person who associates partners with Allah, or at a person who nourishes malice in his heart (against another Muslim), or at a person who cuts off the ties of womb-relations, or at a man who leaves his clothes extending beyond his ankles (as a sign of pride), or at a person who disobeys his parents, or at a person who has a habit of drinking wine."
Is there no one asking forgiveness that I may forgive them? Is there no one asking sustenance that I may grant them sustenance? Is there no one under trial that I may relieve them? It goes on like that until dawn rises. Hadith: Ibn Majah, Iqama, 191.
The hadith by Imam Ibn Hajr Haythmi, states, Narrated by Muadh bin Jabal (RA) from Prophet (salallahu alaihi wasalam) who said: Allah turns towards his creation in the Night of Mid-Shabaan and He forgives all of them except for a Mushrik and one who hates other people. Classed as Sahih by Salafi scholar Nasiruddin Albani in his silsilah Al-Sahihah. Another hadith tradition in Musnad Ahmed ibn Hanbal: "Allah looks at His creation during the night of the 15th of Sha'ban and He forgives His servants except two- one intent on hatred (mushanin) and a murderer (qatilu nafs). Classed Hassan by Albani in his silsilah Al-Sahihah.
Hadith classed sahih by Ibn Hibban "Allah looks at His creation in the night of mid-Sha`ban and He forgives all His creation except for a mushrik (idolater) or a mushahin (one bent on hatred).Also reported by Tabrani and Al Bayhaqi
The Prophet said: ‘On the middle night of Shaban, Allah most high descends to the lowest heaven and remits more sins than the hair of the goats of Banu Kalb.’"
According to Muadh ibn Jabal, Allah's Messenger said: "Allah Almighty looks upon all those created by Him in the middle night of Shaban and forgives all those created by Him. Excepted is the one who associates partners with Him, or the one who has malice in his heart."
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